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Transforming the Letters

Age 7 to 11
Challenge Level Yellow star
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Sapna who goes to Sacred Heart School, looked at what happens to the letters of the alphabet when they are turned through a half turn, followed by a sideways flip. She drew out the letters one at a time and here are the ones that stay the same:

Of course, it will depend slightly on how you write the letters, but well done Sapna! Sam from Bispham Drive Junior School agreed with this list and explains:

These letters all worked because they have a horizontal line of symmetry. When doing a half turn they are upside down and backwards and flipping them over makes them right.

Can anyone answer the rest of the question? Do these letters stay the same with a half turn followed by a flip from top to bottom?


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The NRICH Project aims to enrich the mathematical experiences of all learners. To support this aim, members of the NRICH team work in a wide range of capacities, including providing professional development for teachers wishing to embed rich mathematical tasks into everyday classroom practice.

NRICH is part of the family of activities in the Millennium Mathematics Project.

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