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How Much Did it Cost?

Age 7 to 11

Challenge Level Yellow star

Primary curriculum

How Much Did it Cost?

Dan bought a packet of crisps and an ice cream.

The cost of both of them together is in one of the boxes below.

Use these clues to find out how much he paid:

1. You need more than three coins to make this amount.
2. There would be change when using the most valuable coin to buy them.
3. The crisps cost more than $50$p.
4. You could pay without using any copper coins.
5. The ice cream costs exactly twice as much as the crisps.

If you are using dollars instead of pounds then go to
If you are in Hong Kong, have a look here.doc or here.pdf for a version created by Mrs Voce at Victoria Shanghai Academy in Hong Kong.

Why do this problem?

This problem requires children to work systematically and makes an interesting context for practising arithmetic in the context of money.

Possible approach

In order to get children thinking about money, you could use a variation of the Buying a Balloon problem as a starter activity. You might want to limit the number of coins to four rather than six, for example, so there are fewer possibilities. However in this instance, the purpose of this initial task would be to remind children of all the different coins, rather than to make sure they had all possible combinations.

To introduce the main activity, you could have the problem up on the board to start with and read through the clues as a class. Discuss which clues might be immediately useful and which might have to be left for a while. Leave children to have a go at the problem in pairs - they might find it helpful to have a sheet between two. Emphasise that you'll be interested in knowing how they tackled the problem during the plenary. Once they have been working for a few minutes, stop them to talk about how they are recording their thinking. Share good suggestions with the class (for example, crossing out numbers which can be ruled out).

In a plenary, focus on asking some children to explain the order in which they used the clues. Use this to highlight the fact that there isn't necessarily one right way to approach this problem and that just because a piece of information is written first, it doesn't mean it can be used first! If there are any children who have tried the extension idea, you could also use one of their problems for the whole class to try.

Key questions

Which clue could we use first?

Are there any numbers that we can discount using that information?

Possible extension

You could challenge children to make their own sets of clues based on the same amounts of money and even amounts of their choice.

Possible support

It might be helpful for children to have cut out cards with the sums of money written on (or larger versions printed from the problem sheet). This way, they can move the cards into "possible" and "not possible" piles which are easily altered and might therefore be less threatening. It might be a good idea to try One of Thirty Six first.

Number and algebra

Geometry and measure

Probability and statistics

Working mathematically

Advanced mathematics

For younger learners

How Much Did it Cost?

How Much Did it Cost?

Why do this problem?

Possible approach

Key questions

Possible extension

Possible support

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