The Real Hydrogen Atom

This problem is most suitable for the highest attaining mathematics students or those with a very strong interest in pursuing mathematical physics.

One thing might strike students: the problem involves a lot of reading and several parts to consider and solve. Encourage those working on it to read each part carefully and consider the mathematical ideas raised: the thinking about the issues can be of as much importance as doing the problem; reflecting on the solution obtained rather than simply getting the algebra correct is crucial! Furthermore, students who have become accustomed to completely solving problems might need to be reminded that partial solutions are acceptable and that at higher educational levels complete solutions and not the norm.

It is often a good idea to encourage students to talk about their mathematical experiences. Perhaps this problem could be given to students who consider the problem with plenty of thinking space and then give a short presentation on the problem to the rest of the group at a later date. Alternatively, small groups of interested students could consider the problem collectively and try to make sense of the ideas, being proactive in helping themselves out of difficulty.

The problem is well structured into different parts, so could be attempted by students independently. Some good questions to help students out of difficulty are:

Are you clear as to what is constant and what is variable in each case?

Have you understood the meaning of the coordinate system?

Have you understood the meaning of the variables?

Do you have a plan: do you know what you are trying to solve? What sort of maths might help you to solve it?

There is plenty of extension built into this problem. Interested students might also try more of the problems from the Advanced Scientific Mathematics section of stemNRICH.

There are many more straightforward differential equation problems on the Advanced Scientific Mathematics section of stemNRICH.