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Secondary Cipher Challenge Part 1

Age 11 to 16
Challenge Level Yellow starYellow star
  • Problem
  • Getting Started
  • Teachers' Resources

A good first step is to calculate the number of times each letter appears, and try to guess what type of cipher has been used.

If it's a monoalphabetic cipher (one that substitutes the same letters throughout the message), you may be able to guess what the most common letters in the ciphertext are.

You might then be able to guess what some of the short words are, particularly if they are repeated often in the message.

If you get stuck on the later challenges, there are lots of articles online about different codebreaking techniques and cipher methods, so do a little research and then come back and try again.

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The Best Card Trick?

Time for a little mathemagic! Choose any five cards from a pack and show four of them to your partner. How can they work out the fifth?

Substitution Cipher

Find the frequency distribution for ordinary English, and use it to help you crack the code.

Secret Transmissions

How can Agent X transmit data on a faulty line and be sure that her message will get through?

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The NRICH Project aims to enrich the mathematical experiences of all learners. To support this aim, members of the NRICH team work in a wide range of capacities, including providing professional development for teachers wishing to embed rich mathematical tasks into everyday classroom practice.

NRICH is part of the family of activities in the Millennium Mathematics Project.

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