Skip over navigation
Cambridge University Faculty of Mathematics NRich logo
menu search
  • Teachers expand_more
    • Early years
    • Primary
    • Secondary
    • Post-16
    • Events
    • Professional development
  • Students expand_more
    • Primary
    • Secondary
    • Post-16
  • Parents expand_more
    • Early Years
    • Primary
    • Secondary
    • Post-16
  • Problem-Solving Schools
  • About NRICH expand_more
    • About us
    • Impact stories
    • Support us
    • Our funders
    • Contact us
  • search

Or search by topic

Number and algebra

  • The Number System and Place Value
  • Calculations and Numerical Methods
  • Fractions, Decimals, Percentages, Ratio and Proportion
  • Properties of Numbers
  • Patterns, Sequences and Structure
  • Algebraic expressions, equations and formulae
  • Coordinates, Functions and Graphs

Geometry and measure

  • Angles, Polygons, and Geometrical Proof
  • 3D Geometry, Shape and Space
  • Measuring and calculating with units
  • Transformations and constructions
  • Pythagoras and Trigonometry
  • Vectors and Matrices

Probability and statistics

  • Handling, Processing and Representing Data
  • Probability

Working mathematically

  • Thinking mathematically
  • Developing positive attitudes
  • Cross-curricular contexts

Advanced mathematics

  • Decision Mathematics and Combinatorics
  • Advanced Probability and Statistics
  • Mechanics
  • Calculus

For younger learners

  • Early Years Foundation Stage

Square Surprise

Age 5 to 11
Challenge Level Yellow star
  • Problem
  • Getting Started
  • Student Solutions
  • Teachers' Resources

Square Surprise

This problem is based on the game Square It, which you can find in Seeing Squares.  

Players take it in turns to click on a dot on the interactive grid.  The first player's dots will be blue and the second player's (or computer's) will be red. The winner is the first to have four dots of their own colour that can be joined by straight lines to form a square.

Have a go at playing the game a few times against the computer to get a feel for it.

Here is a picture taken part-way through a game.  It is blue's turn next.

 


Where would you go if you were the blue player?

Click on the 'Show' button below to see which dot the blue player chose.
Are you surprised?
Why do you think the blue player made that move?



Why do this problem?

This problem will present many learners with something unexpected, thereby capturing their curiosity and providing a context in which to consolidate their knowledge of properties of squares.

Possible approach

Use the interactive to play a few games of Square It with the whole class playing against you or the computer.  The aim at this point is simply for learners to become familiar with the rules of the game rather than necessarily beginning to think about possible strategies for winning.

Once you feel they have got the idea of the game, show the group the first image, explaining that it is blue's turn to go. Give them a few moments of individual thinking time to consider what they would do if they were the blue player.  Invite them to discuss their thoughts with a partner.

Bring everyone together again and explain that you are going to show them the game after blue had taken his/her next turn.  Try not to say any more before revealing the image.  (You may need to check that everyone has noticed which dot has been chosen.)  Listen and watch out for learners' reactions.  You could choose one or two students to share why they were surprised by what they saw.

Give time for pairs of learners to talk about why the blue player chose that dot.  In a plenary you could invite some pairs to explain how they know that a square has been formed by the blue player.  Try to discourage use of the word 'diamond' to describe a tilted square.  You may want to find something that is square shaped e.g. a square piece of paper and physically orientate it in different ways to make the point that it does not stop being a square if it is not held with horizontal and vertical sides.

Key questions

Which dot would you choose if you were blue?  Why?
Which dot did the blue player select?
Why do you think s/he chose that spot?

Possible extension

Children can tackle the task Seeing Squares, which invites them to investigate how to develop a winning strategy for the game.

Possible support

Some children may want to use this sheet of the two images so they can convince themselves that blue has got a square, perhaps by cutting and/or measuring.

You may also like

Tangrams

Can you make five differently sized squares from the interactive tangram pieces?

Geoboards

This practical challenge invites you to investigate the different squares you can make on a square geoboard or pegboard.

Polydron

This activity investigates how you might make squares and pentominoes from Polydron.

  • Tech help
  • Accessibility Statement
  • Sign up to our newsletter
  • Twitter X logo

The NRICH Project aims to enrich the mathematical experiences of all learners. To support this aim, members of the NRICH team work in a wide range of capacities, including providing professional development for teachers wishing to embed rich mathematical tasks into everyday classroom practice.

NRICH is part of the family of activities in the Millennium Mathematics Project.

University of Cambridge logo NRICH logo