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Suppose an operator types a US Bank check code into a machine and transposes two adjacent digits (i.e. swaps the order of two adjacent digits) for example the operator types a_3a_2 instead of a_2a_3, will the machine pick up every error of this type? Does the same apply to ISBN numbers; will a machine detect transposition errors in these numbers?
US
Bank check codes are nine digit identification numbers
a_1a_2\cdots a_{9} using the digits 0 to 9 where
7a_1 + 3a_2 + 9a_3 + 7a_4 + 3a_5 + 9a_6 + 7a_7 + 3a_8 \equiv a_9
mod 10.
ISBN
Numbers have ten digits a_1\cdots a_{10} using the digits
0 to 9 where
10a_1+9a_2+8a_3+\cdots +3a_8+2a_9+a_{10} \equiv 0 mod 11.
a) A four digit number (in base 10) aabb is a perfect square. Discuss ways of systematically finding this number. (b) Prove that 11^{10}-1 is divisible by 100.