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Golden Construction

Age 16 to 18
Challenge Level Yellow star
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Once you have done the construction the different parts of this investigation can be taken separately and there is no need to tackle every part.

The problem solver is led through several different ways of finding the value of the Golden Ratio $\phi$ and proving that the various relationships are equivalent.

Younger problem solvers can simply stop at measuring the lengths and finding that the ratio of the sides of the rectangle $AEFD$ is the same as the ratio of the sides of the smaller rectangle $CBEF$ you get by removing a square from $AEFD$. This shows that $AEFD$ and $CBEF$ are golden rectangles.

You need Pythagoras' theorem and to be able to work with surds to get an exact value of this ratio in terms of $\sqrt 5$.

Alternatively, if you call this ratio $\phi$, then you can deduce that $$\phi = 1 + {1\over \phi}$$ and use a graphical method to solve this equation.

Lastly, if you know about quadratic equations, you can solve the quadratic equation to find the value of $\phi$.



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Two perpendicular lines are tangential to two identical circles that touch. What is the largest circle that can be placed in between the two lines and the two circles and how would you construct it?

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Without using a calculator, computer or tables find the exact values of cos36cos72 and also cos36 - cos72.

Pentabuild

Explain how to construct a regular pentagon accurately using a straight edge and compass.

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The NRICH Project aims to enrich the mathematical experiences of all learners. To support this aim, members of the NRICH team work in a wide range of capacities, including providing professional development for teachers wishing to embed rich mathematical tasks into everyday classroom practice.

NRICH is part of the family of activities in the Millennium Mathematics Project.

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