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Adding Odd Numbers

Age 11 to 16
Challenge Level Yellow star
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Shubhangee from Buckler's Mead Academy in England and Sunhari from British School Muscat sent diagrammatic proofs. This is Shubhangee's proof:

Moncef from London Academy in Morocco constructed a similar but slightly different proof to the one in the proof sorter. Click here to see Moncef's proof.

Sunhari also submitted a proof by induction:

Let P($n$) be the statement 'the sum of the first $n$ odd numbers is equal to $n^2$.
P(1): 1 = 1^2
P(1) is true.
Suppose it is true for P($k$),
$1+3+… +(2k-1) = k^2$

Then, P($k+1$)
$1+3+…+[2(k+1) -1]
\\= k^2 + [2(k+1) -1]
\\= k^2 + 2k +2 -1
\\= k^2 + 2k + 1
\\= (k+1)^2$
Therefore whenever P($k$) is true, P($k+1$) is also true. So since P(1) is true, P(2) must also be true, and so P(3) must also be true, and so on. This means P($n$) must be true for all positive integers $n$.

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The NRICH Project aims to enrich the mathematical experiences of all learners. To support this aim, members of the NRICH team work in a wide range of capacities, including providing professional development for teachers wishing to embed rich mathematical tasks into everyday classroom practice.

NRICH is part of the family of activities in the Millennium Mathematics Project.

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